2: Which Enlightenment thinker identified a pressing need to reform the criminal justice system and emphasized adequate but just punishment in the "Essay on Crimes and Punishments"?
45s
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Hammurabi
Cesare Beccaria
Cesare Lombroso
3: What was the primitive method of determining guilt or innocence mentioned in the sources, where the outcome was viewed as a divine judgment?
40s
Trial by Jury
Trial by Ordeal
Trial by Combat
Lex Talionis
4: In the legal sense, when is a person considered a criminal?
40s
From the moment they commit a crime.
After undergoing the entire criminal justice process.
When the crime is reported to the police
Only upon determination by the Court that they are guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
5: As a person is processed through the Philippine Criminal Justice System, their designation changes. What is the nomenclature for a person during the Court stage?